Browsing by Author "Prof. Sandip Rahul"

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    Exploring Liberty: J.S. Mill's On Liberty
    (2024-05) Prof. Sandip Rahul
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    Karl Marx on State: An Analysis
    (2024-05) Prof. Sandip Rahul
    Karl Marx's view of the state is based on his critique of capitalism and class conflict. He saw the state as a tool used by the ruling class, mainly to serve the interests of the bourgeoisie by sustaining economic power and suppressing the proletariat. Marx argued that the state emerges from class contradictions and will eventually fade away in a communist society, where no classes exist and coercive power is unnecessary. His perspective challenges traditional ideas of the state as a neutral mediator, emphasizing instead its role in maintaining economic inequalities.
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    The Dynamics of Class Struggle: Marx's Vision of Society
    (2024-05) Prof. Sandip Rahul
    Karl Marx identified class struggle as the primary force driving historical progress, a key theme in The Communist Manifesto. He contended that society is split into opposed classes based on their relationship to the means of production: the bourgeoisie (owners of capital and production control) and the proletariat (labor sellers). Marx argued that this conflict arises from labor exploitation, as the bourgeoisie derives surplus value from workers, leading to alienation and inequality. He foresaw this struggle intensifying, ultimately resulting in a revolutionary overthrow of the bourgeoisie and the establishment of a classless, communist society. For Marx, understanding class struggle is crucial to explaining historical change and power relations.
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    Understanding Dialectical Materialism: Marx's Philosophy of Change
    (2024-05) Prof. Sandip Rahul
    Karl Marx's Dialectical Materialism constitutes a philosophical framework that synthesizes Hegel's dialectical methodology with a materialist perspective of the world. Marx maintained that reality is composed of conflicting forces (thesis and antithesis), whose contestation leads to a higher understanding or a new state (synthesis). Unlike Hegel, who regarded this process as the development of ideas, Marx emphasized material conditions, asserting that economic and social contradictions propel historical progression. Society advances through class struggle, technological innovation, and transformations in production, with the aim of resolving these conflicts and fostering human development. For Marx, dialectical materialism served as an analytical tool to incite and understand revolutionary change, underscoring that alterations in material conditions influence consciousness and societal evolution society.
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    Unpacking Historical Materialism: Marx's Lens on History
    (2024-05) Prof. Sandip Rahul
    Karl Marx's concept of Historical Materialism, often called the "materialist conception of history," provides a framework to understand societal development through economic and material factors. Marx argued that the mode of production—how goods are produced—serves as the economic base of society, influencing its superstructure, which includes laws, politics, culture, and beliefs. He maintained that history advances through class conflicts between those who own the means of production (bourgeoisie) and those who do not (proletariat). These conflicts result in changes in modes of production, such as shifting from feudalism to capitalism, and ultimately to a communist society where class distinctions disappear. Marx presented this as a scientific explanation of historical change, emphasizing that material conditions, rather than ideas, primarily drive societal evolution.